WCN 2013 No: 3080 Topic: 6 — MS & Demyelinating Diseases TLR 3 ligand poly I:C does not induce encephalitogenic T cells nor essentially alter cytokine production in SJL EAE H.H.Hofstetter, C. Zimmermann, A. Weber, B.C. Kieseier, H.P. Hartung. Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany Background: Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands have the ability to alter an autoantigen-specific immune response both when they are present during the priming phase as well as when they are present when the primed T cell reencounters its antigen, e.g. in the inflamed CNS. Objective: Poly I:C, a viral mimic and ligand for TLR 3 is widely used as a paradigm for a viral infection. Since viral infections are both linked with the initiation of multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as with relapses, we here investigated the effect of poly I:C both as an adjuvant as well as a co-stimulant during PLP-specific recall. Material and methods: PLPp 139–151 injected in CFA subcutaneously and systemic administration of Pertussis toxin were generated to induce EAE in female wild-type SJL mice. Alternatively, mice were injected with PLPp 139–151 and poly I:C as an adjuvant. PLPpspecific T cell responses were assessed by cytokine ELISPOT for proand anti-inflammatory cytokine production both in the spleen and in the inflamed CNS. Results: We find that poly I:C as an adjuvant does not prime an encephalitogenic T cell population, nor does it essentially affect the PLPp-specific T cell cytokine signature during recall in the immune periphery or in the inflamed target organ. Conclusion: We conclude that different TLR ligands can have fundamentally different effects on an ongoing CNS-autoantigen specific autoimmune process. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1315 Abstract — WCN 2013 No: 3121 Topic: 6 — MS & Demyelinating Diseases Neuromyelitis optica and optic spinal multiple sclerosis are different diseases? WCN 2013 No: 3121 Topic: 6 — MS & Demyelinating Diseases Neuromyelitis optica and optic spinal multiple sclerosis are different diseases? M.P. Alvarenga, M.P. Alvarenga, C.C. Ferreira Vasconcelos, U.C. Linhares, C. Bento, G. Santos, R.M. Papais-Alvarenga. Neurology, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rede Sarah de Reabilitacao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Objective: To compare neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and optic spinal multiple sclerosis (OS-MS). Method: Consecutive patients with NMO phenotype attended in Rio de Janeiro from 2009 to 2011 were classified in two groups: defined NMO according to Wingerchuk et al. (2006) (recurrent or monophasic) and optic spinal multiple sclerosis (OS-MS). Results: We analyzed 99 patients: 66 were NMO-R, 8 NMO-M and 25 MS-OS. In NMO-R group, 91% were women, 65.2% African–Brazilian, mean age at onset is 13.03 years, median EDSS of 6.0 (2.0 to 10) in the last evaluation after median disease time of 8 years (2–35); the positivity of anti-AQP4 was 56.1%. In group NMO-M, 62.5% were women, 65.5% African–Brazilian, mean age at onset is 19.77 years, median EDSS of 3.0 (2.0 to 6, 0) in the last evaluation after 7 years of median disease time (3–14); the positivity of anti-AQP4 was 0.0%. In MS-OS group 84% were women, 16% African–Brazilian, mean age at onset is 8.12 years, median EDSS of 3.0 (1.0 to 6.5) in the last evaluation after a median disease duration of 8 years (3.0 to 27.0); the positivity of anti-AQP4 was 0%. There was a statistically significant difference between NMO and OS-MS groups concerning to race, long term disability, extension of the MRI vertebral lesion, positivity of anti-AQP4 and frequency of HLA DR2. Conclusion: NMO and OSMS in Brazilian population are different demyelinating inflammatory diseases although they share the same clinical phenotype presentation. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1316 Abstract — WCN 2013 No: 3093 Topic: 6 — MS & Demyelinating Diseases Demyelinating inflammatory idiopathic diseases in Latin America— A study of prevalent cases WCN 2013 No: 3093 Topic: 6 — MS & Demyelinating Diseases Demyelinating inflammatory idiopathic diseases in Latin America— A study of prevalent cases R.M. Papais-Alvarenga, C.C. Ferreira Vasconcelos, I. Soto, A. Carra, V. Flores, P. Marinho, S.N. Machado, A.B.C. Gama, M.S.G. Rocha, A.P.G. Neto, D.S. Diniz, Y.D. Fragoso, M.P. Alvarenga, L. Campanella, H.H. Siqueira, A.K. Grzesiuk, M.L.V. Pimentel, M.K.F. Parolin, S. Florentin, L.C. Thuler. Neurology, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Maracaibo University Hospital, Maracaibo, Venezuela; Hospital Britanico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Central Hospital of the Institute of Social Security, Assuncion, Paraguay; Rede Sarah de Reabilitacao, Brasilia, Brazil; Neurologia, Hospital de Florianopolis, Florianopolis, Brazil; Pos Graduacao, UNIRIO, Vassouras, Brazil; Hospital Santa Marcelina, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Universidade de Goias, Goiania, Brazil; Universidade de Santos, Santos, Brazil; Hospital da Lagoa, Brazil; UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universidade deMato Grosso, Brazil; Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil; Santa Casa do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Hospital dos Bombeiros, Parana, Brazil; Instituto de Prevision Social, Assuncion, Paraguay Background: Epidemiologic studies on multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optic (NMO) have shown that both diseases have particular world of geographic distribution according to population, Caucasians in MS and African ascendants and Asian in NMO. Considering the colonization of Latin America we can distinguish three main ancestries: Caucasians, Mestizos and Afro-descendant populations. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the frequencies of MS and NMO in different regions of Latin America with diversified ancestry. Methods: It was asked of the physicians of MS treatment centers (one in Argentina, one in Paraguay, one in Venezuela and nine in Brazil) to inform all registered cases of idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease (IIDD) the frequencies of MS and NMO in following-up, as well as the ancestry of patients. Results: In Argentina, among the 123 patients (99.2% Caucasians and 0.8% Asians) the frequency of MS and NMO were 93% and 1.6% Abstracts / Journal of the Neurological Sciences 333 (2013) e358–e421 e359